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_LEDGER DESIGN PRIMITIVES/

Guarantees, not features

The properties the system of record is built on. Every one is a property of the ledger, not application code you maintain.

A financial database is only as good as what it makes impossible. These primitives are why books on Formance cannot drift, cannot lie about the past, and cannot be spent into states that never happened. They come from the demo slide used with every technical evaluator, organized in four groups.

_01/

Correctness & integrity · Never wrong

_Double-entry/

Every posting balances by construction.

_Atomic transactions/

All legs commit, or none do.

_Idempotency/

Safe replays via idempotency keys.

_Concurrency control/

Correct under high parallelism.

_Strongly-consistent balances/

Reads reflect every committed posting.

_Asset coloring/

Preserve each unit's identity in a pool.

_02/

Structure & modeling · Model any book

_Hierarchical accounts/

Colon-delimited paths model your whole book.

_Flexible aggregation/

Roll up at any segment in constant time.

_Multi-asset accounts/

Any currency or unit on the same account.

_Volumes/

Cumulative inflow and outflow, per asset.

_Exact-integer amounts/

No floating-point drift, ever.

_Derived balances/

Computed from the log, never stored.

_03/

History & time · Provable past

_Immutability (hash-chained)/

Tamper-evident append-only log.

_Bi-temporality/

Effective time and record time, both.

_Point-in-time views/

Reconstruct any balance, any date.

_Versioned posting rules/

Effective-dated logic changes.

_Native reversals/

Compensating entries, not deletes.

_04/

Control & governance · In your hands

_Overdraft controls/

Bounded or unbounded, per account.

_Non-repudiation/

Every change attributable to an actor.

_Metadata/

Queryable context on every entity.

_Schema enforcement/

Reject undefined or malformed accounts.

_Multi-tenant isolation/

Isolated books within one deployment.

_VOICES/

Trusted by builders

LiberisLiberis
Formance enabled us to ship new lending products faster by providing a customizable foundation that let us reliably express the complexities of our flow of funds.

Embedded finance · reconciliation across 14 countries

See customer story
DoctolibDoctolib
Formance is the foundation of our Financial OS, the open-source approach lets us retain control over this key component.

Healthcare · Financial OS

PayflipPayflip
Formance helped us kick off our move into fintech, with robust infrastructure and intuitive developer tooling.

Benefits · fintech infrastructure

_TRUST/

Built for regulated money.

Enterprise controls, the certifications auditors ask for, and an immutable record, out of the box.

See our trust center
THE COMPLIANCE STACK
IAM, RBAC & SSO
Non-repudiation
Audit logs
Observability & monitoring
Real-time events
Admin console
_AUDIT-LOG/ NON-REPUDIATION

09:41:07Z AUDIT gateway POST /api/ledger/v2/main/transactions 200 sub:ops@acme.io

09:41:09Z LOG id:4093 NEW_TRANSACTION ledger:main

09:41:12Z LOG id:4094 SET_METADATA ledger:main

09:41:15Z LOG id:4095 REVERTED_TRANSACTION ledger:main

09:41:18Z AUDIT gateway GET /api/ledger/v2/main/logs 200 sub:audit@acme.io

CERTIFICATIONS
AICPA SOC IICERTIFIED
ISO 27001CERTIFIED
DORACOMPLIANT
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
EMIFCAMTLNYDFS Trust CharterOCC CharterMiCAGENIUS
_ATTESTED/
_NEXT/

Numscript

GET STARTED

Build on guarantees, not conventions

See the primitives in your own flows: start building or book a demo.